48 hours after the programs, cartilage tissues were isolated and the expression of SOX9 and HIF1 was determined using Real-Time PCR.Results: Significant differences were found in the expression of SOX9 and HIF1 between groups ( P < 0.0001). Rats in the exercise group were trained on rodent treadmill three times per week. Rats in the ozone group received O 3 at the concentration of 20 μg/mL, once weekly for 3 weeks. Rats in the MSCs group received intraarticular injection of 1 × 10 6 cells/kg.

OA rats were divided into model, MSCs, ozone, exercise, MSCs + ozone, MSCs + exercise, ozone + exercise and MSCs + ozone + exercise groups. We investigated the effect of combined therapies with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), ozone (O 3) and exercise training on SOX9 and HIF1 expression in the cartilage of rats with knee OA.Methods: Knee OA was induced by surgical method. Sex-determining region Y box 9 (SOX9) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1) are considered as the key regulators of OA. Abstract: Purpose: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common type of degenerative joint disease which decreases the quality of life.

Ozone advanced 8